Vitalik Buterin's website
Obfuscation (Part II): Diamond iO
Obfuscation: building the final boss of cryptography (Part I)
A shallow dive into formal verification
My self-sovereign / local / private / secure LLM setup, April 2026
Balance of power
Let a thousand societies bloom
Plinko PIR tutorial
Galaxy brain resistance
A GKR Tutorial
Memory access is O(N^[1/3])
The importance of full-stack openness and verifiability
Low-risk defi can be for Ethereum what search was for Google
On idea-driven ideas
"I support it only if it's open source" should be a more common viewpoint
My response to AI 2027
Why I used to prefer permissive licenses and now favor copyleft
Does digital ID have risks even if it's ZK-wrapped?
A simple explanation of a/(b+c) + b/(c+a) + c/(a+b) = 4
The math of when stage 1 and stage 2 make sense
Simplifying the L1
Why I support privacy
We should talk less about public goods funding and more about open source funding
The tree ring model of culture and politics
AI as the engine, humans as the steering wheel
Reasons to have higher L1 gas limits even in an L2-heavy Ethereum
Scaling Ethereum L1 and L2s in 2025 and beyond
d/acc: one year later
What I would love to see in a wallet
From prediction markets to info finance
Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 6: The Splurge
Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 5: The Purge
Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 4: The Verge
Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 3: The Scourge
Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 2: The Surge
Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 1: The Merge
Making Ethereum alignment legible
Glue and coprocessor architectures
Plurality philosophy in an incredibly oversized nutshell
Review: museums of the future, Dubai and Tokyo
Exploring circle STARKs
Against choosing your political allegiances based on who is "pro-crypto"
Epochs and slots all the way down: ways to give Ethereum users faster transaction confirmation times
Some reflections on the Bitcoin block size war
Layer 2s as cultural extensions of Ethereum
How do layer 2s really differ from execution sharding?
The near and mid-term future of improving the Ethereum network's permissionlessness and decentralization
Multidimensional gas pricing
Binius: highly efficient proofs over binary fields
Degen communism: the only correct political ideology
What else could memecoins be?
Ethereum has blobs. Where do we go from here?
Ask security questions
The end of my childhood
The promise and challenges of crypto + AI applications
Make Ethereum Cypherpunk Again
My techno-optimism
Exit games for EVM validiums: the return of Plasma
Different types of layer 2s
Should Ethereum be okay with enshrining more things in the protocol?
What do I think about Community Notes?
What do I think about biometric proof of personhood?
Deeper dive on cross-L2 reading for wallets and other use cases
The Three Transitions
Don't overload Ethereum's consensus
Travel time ~= 750 * distance ^ 0.6
How will Ethereum's multi-client philosophy interact with ZK-EVMs?
Some personal user experiences
An incomplete guide to stealth addresses
What even is an institution?
Updating my blog: a quick GPT chatbot coding experiment
What in the Ethereum application ecosystem excites me
Having a safe CEX: proof of solvency and beyond
The Revenue-Evil Curve: a different way to think about prioritizing public goods funding
收入-邪恶曲线：思考“公共物品融资优先”的另一种方式
我在加密世界的一些个人体验
DAOs are not corporations: where decentralization in autonomous organizations matters
What kind of layer 3s make sense?
Should there be demand-based recurring fees on ENS domains?
不同類型的 ZK-EVM
The different types of ZK-EVMs
Farklı ZK-EVM Türleri
What do I think about network states?
「网络国家」之我见
My 40-liter backpack travel guide
Some ways to use ZK-SNARKs for privacy
Where to use a blockchain in non-financial applications?
Two thought experiments to evaluate automated stablecoins
In Defense of Bitcoin Maximalism
The roads not taken
How do trusted setups work?
Encapsulated vs systemic complexity in protocol design
Soulbound
The bulldozer vs vetocracy political axis
Endgame
Review of Optimism retro funding round 1
Halo and more: exploring incremental verification and SNARKs without pairings
Crypto Cities
On Nathan Schneider on the limits of cryptoeconomics
Alternatives to selling at below-market-clearing prices for achieving fairness (or community sentiment, or fun)
Moving beyond coin voting governance
Against overuse of the Gini coefficient
Verkle trees
Blockchain voting is overrated among uninformed people but underrated among informed people
La votación mediante blockchain está sobrevalorada entre personas desinformadas pero subestimada entre personas informadas
The Limits to Blockchain Scalability
Why sharding is great: demystifying the technical properties
Gitcoin Grants Round 9: The Next Phase of Growth
The Most Important Scarce Resource is Legitimacy
El recurso escaso más importante es la legitimidad
Prediction Markets: Tales from the Election
An approximate introduction to how zk-SNARKs are possible
Why we need wide adoption of social recovery wallets
An Incomplete Guide to Rollups
La Guía Incompleta de los Rollups
Endnotes on 2020: Crypto and Beyond
Convex and Concave Dispositions
Why Proof of Stake (Nov 2020)
為什麼權益證明棒棒的（2020 年十一月）
Gitcoin Grants Round 7 Retrospective
7ème tour des subventions Gitcoin - Rétrospective
Coordination, Good and Bad
Trust Models
A Philosophy of Blockchain Validation
Gitcoin Grants Round 6 Retrospective
Exploring Fully Homomorphic Encryption
Gitcoin Grants Round 5 Retrospective
A Quick Garbled Circuits Primer
預測市場：一個選舉小故事（2021年 二月）
Review of Gitcoin Quadratic Funding Round 4
Base Layers And Functionality Escape Velocity
Christmas Special
Quadratic Payments: A Primer
Hard Problems in Cryptocurrency: Five Years Later
Review of Gitcoin Quadratic Funding Round 3
In-person meatspace protocol to prove unconditional possession of a private key
Understanding PLONK
The Dawn of Hybrid Layer 2 Protocols
Sidechains vs Plasma vs Sharding
Fast Fourier Transforms
Control as Liability
On Free Speech
On Collusion
[Mirror] Cantor was Wrong: debunking the infinite set hierarchy
A CBC Casper Tutorial
[Mirror] Central Planning as Overfitting
Layer 1 Should Be Innovative in the Short Term but Less in the Long Term
A Guide to 99% Fault Tolerant Consensus
STARKs, Part 3: Into the Weeds
On Radical Markets
Governance, Part 2: Plutocracy Is Still Bad
Proof of Stake FAQ
Sharding FAQ
Notes on Blockchain Governance
A Quick Gasprice Market Analysis
STARKs, Part II: Thank Goodness It's FRI-day
STARKs, Part I: Proofs with Polynomials
On Medium-of-Exchange Token Valuations
A Prehistory of the Ethereum Protocol
A Note on Metcalfe's Law, Externalities and Ecosystem Splits
The Triangle of Harm
On Path Independence
Analyzing Token Sale Models
Engineering Security Through Coordination Problems
Hard Forks, Soft Forks, Defaults and Coercion
A Note On Charity Through Marginal Price Discrimination
[Mirror] Zk-SNARKs: Under the Hood
[Mirror] Exploring Elliptic Curve Pairings
[Mirror] A Proof of Stake Design Philosophy
[Mirror] Bir Proof of Stake Tasarım Felsefesi
[Mirror] Quadratic Arithmetic Programs: from Zero to Hero
Über Kollusion
Situazioni di collusione
Zmowa
Na colusão